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Several models have been developed to describe the refractive index of a material with the most characteristic be: Cauchy, Sellmeier, Forouhi-Blummer, and Lorenz. In refractive index formula, n=n+i*k, the real part (n) determines the refraction of light and the imaginary part (k) is related to the absorbance. The refractive index varies with wavelength (dispersion), but in the vast majority of materials the refractive index is reported at 633nm wavelength (He-Ne laser) due to the large number of tools operating at this wavelength. This feature article reviews recent developments in optical HRIPs and their typical applications in high-tech fields.The refractive index determines how much the light is refracted when passing the interface between two materials. Therefore, research of HRIPs is becoming an interdisciplinary subject. Besides the refractive index, optical dispersion (Abbe number), birefringence and optical transparency are often involved in designing HRIPs for practical optical fabrications. Incorporation of high- nnanoparticles into polymers seems to be a more promising strategy to achieve a refractive index higher than 1.80 however, the obtained organic–inorganic hybrid materials sometimes suffer from poor storage stability, higher optical loss and poor processability. However, their upper n limitation is usually below 1.80. For intrinsic HRIPs, aromatic rings, sulfur-containing groups, halogens except fluorine and organometallic moieties are often utilized to increase their refractive indices. High refractive indices have been achieved either by introducing substituents with high molar refractions to make intrinsic HRIPs or by combining high- nnanoparticles with polymer matrixes to make HRIP nanocomposites. Rapid developments in advanced photonic devices have led to the increasing exploration of high refractive index (high- n) materials, particularly high-refractive-index polymers (HRIP).
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